Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, And The Making Of History By John Patrick Diggins
Posted in Amazons Hot Daily Deals on Jul 8th, 2009
Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, And The Making Of History By John Patrick Diggins
From Publishers Weekly
Starred Review. A professor of history at the City University of New York Graduate Center, Diggins (The Rise and Fall of the American Left) provides an original reappraisal of Ronald Reagan from the conservative perspective. Throughout, Diggins discovers nuances that have heretofore escaped notice by most other Reagan scholars. For example: in appraising Reagans reaction as California governor to 60s radicals, Diggins is the first writer to acknowledge the extent to which the onetime movie star shared common ground with rebels on campuses nationwide. Reagan, with his reverence for Thomas Paine and passion for limiting the reach of government, was—on at least one level—more than sympathetic when Berkeley protesters chanted, Two, Four, Six, Eight, Organize to Smash the State! Although a fan of Reagans, Diggins doesnt hesitate to be critical—as when he discusses Reagans attitude as president toward environmental issues, which Diggins characterizes as puzzling and disastrous. (Diggins notes that Reagans record as governor of California, where he allied himself with old guard Republican conservationists, was far more environmentally-friendly.) Overall, Diggins does a superb job of tracing Reagans intellectual development from old school New Dealer to thoughtful, Emersonian libertarian, and also firmly establishes Reagans credentials as a major architect of communisms final collapse. 13 photos. (Feb.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
From
Because Reagan has been misinterpreted by both the Right and the Left, his legacy in American political history has been distorted and undervalued, according to Diggins, author of The Rise and Fall of the American Left (1992). Contrary to liberal opinions, Reagan was no philosophical lightweight, nor was he the moral absolutist lauded by conservatives. He was a man of consistent beliefs, forged during the cold war. In his efforts to end the cold war, he was closer to liberals who always thought it possible than to conservatives who didnt believe it could ever be done. Reagan was the only president in American history to have resolved a sustained, deadly international confrontation without going to war, defying liberal expectations of him personally and conservative expectations of the value of diplomacy. Reagan rejected the authority of religion as much as government. By convincing Americans to believe in themselves, Reagan demonstrated the duality of American political culture, that it is both liberal and conservative. This is a thoughtful book for both Reagan admirers and critics. Vanessa Bush
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
Why Buy A Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, And The Making Of History By John Patrick Diggins?
Affirming Reagans position as one of Americas greatest presidents, this is a bold and philosophical reevaluation.
Following his departure from office, Ronald Reagan was marginalized thanks to liberal biases that dominate the teaching of American history, says John Patrick Diggins. Yet Reagan, like Lincoln (who was also attacked for decades after his death), deserves to be regarded as one of our three or four greatest presidents. Reagan was far more active a president and far more sophisticated than we ever knew. His negotiations with Mikhail Gorbachev and his opposition to foreign interventions demonstrate that he was not a rigid hawk. And in his pursuit of Emersonian ideals in his distrust of big government, he was the most open-minded libertarian president the country has ever had; combining a reverence for Americas hallowed historical traditions with an implacable faith in the limitless opportunities of the future. This is a revealing portrait of great character, a book that reveals the fortieth president to be an exemplar of the truest conservative values. 13 photographs.
Customer Reviews & Opinions
The Great Communicator’s Political Philosophy
I read this book for a graduate class in American history. In this noteworthy biography, John Patrick Diggins sheds light on Ronald Reagan’s evolving political philosophy and how this philosophy was his rule and guide throughout his life. Expertly written and based on both primary and secondary sources, this book’s view favors Reagan’s political career in general. Diggins did an excellent job of pointing out both historical and contemporary figures who helped form Reagan’s religious beliefs and political philosophy. Some examples are Thomas Paine, Reagan’s mother, Whittaker Chambers who was an anti-Communist, and economist F. A. Hayek. By following a more psychological approach in this biography of the fortieth president of the United States, Diggins drew a clearer picture of Reagan’s political motivations than has been previously available. Diggins’ biography has made Reagan, who was perhaps the most important president of the second half of the twentieth century, more understandable to his readers.In his biography, Diggins was adept at pointing out many of the misconceptions that liberals had of Reagan’s religious and political beliefs. As an example, Diggins emphasized the role Reagan’s mother had in formulating his religious beliefs that stayed with him throughout his life. From his mother, Reagan inherited the optimistic outlook on life that the Disciples of Christ Church espoused. It would fit very neatly with his political philosophy that he shared with Thomas Paine. Both men were staunch believers in people attaining liberty and freedom from oppressive government. After all Diggins made the point innumerably throughout his book, that if there was one defining and deeply held belief that Reagan had, it was that “Reagan inevitably saw government as the problem” (xvii). There were so many incongruities in Reagan’s religious attitudes and actions that historians will be debating them for many years to come. Diggins expertly pointed out that for all the support that the Moral Majority crowd, led by the Reverend Jerry Falwell, gave Reagan in both his presidential campaigns, he truly shared little in common with their strict religious beliefs. Reagan did not wear his religion on his sleeve. He did not claim to be a born again Christian. During his years in the White House, he seldom attended church services. Although as Governor of California in 1967 Reagan signed a bill to grant women the right to have an abortion, he soon had misgivings but never tried to push legislation through to abolish abortion. He would speak out against abortion for the rest of his life. Similarly, Reagan spoke of the need for religion in the classroom; however, he made no political moves to bring that goal of the Moral Majority to fruition. In essence, “Reagan looked to religion less as a source of divine guidance than as a bulwark against the power of the state” (32).
Since Reagan believed that removing the stifling yoke of government off the neck of the people was of paramount importance, it is no wonder that Reagan came to believe that Communism was the worst sort of government that could be foisted on humanity. His anathema against Communism and to its liberal sympathizers was sharpened by the Hiss-Chambers congressional hearings of the early 1950’s. It was also influenced by two particular books. One book was Chamber’s book, “Witness as the book that would shape his political outlook” (10). In addition like many conservatives, Reagan read F. A. Hayek’s book Road to Serfdom and “accepted Hayek’s thesis that liberalism paves the way for communism by institutionalizing a centralized state” (110). Diggins recounted the numerous times throughout Regan’s life that he railed against the evils of Communism, which led to his well-publicized “evil empire” speech in 1983. This speech finalized Reagan’s reputation as the anti-Communist jingoistic cowboy. Diggins cogently showed in his book that it was Reagan’s life long vitriol against Communism, was the only cold war president that could reach out to the Soviet Union and substantially reduce the nuclear weapons arsenal.
Diggins did a masterful job of showing how Reagan, while in the hospital recovering from the wounds he received from the attempt on his life in 1981, awakened to the realization that he had to do his utmost in reducing the chances of the world being destroyed in a nuclear holocaust. Diggins found Reagan was completely misunderstood by liberals who characterized him as a warmonger. Reagan came to see the folly of Mutual Assured Destruction, which had been the cornerstone of America’s nuclear deterrence. For the always-optimistic Reagan this new mission was akin to Nixon opening China. Only Reagan who called the Soviet Union the “evil empire,” could befuddle his neo-conservative supporters and liberal critics time after time as he worked to get Mikhail Gorbachev to trust him and ultimately become his partner in arms reduction. In doing so, Reagan was instrumental in paving the way for the end to the cold war, and ultimately the collapse of the Soviet Union. In his book Diggins recounted one of the most poignant speeches Reagan, also known as the great communicator, ever delivered, which took place in 1988 to students at Moscow State University. It was Reagan, the optimist and defender of liberty and not the warmonger and staunch anti-Communist that addressed the audience. Reagan spoke about the new revolution that would sweep across the globe, and a technological revolution that computers would bring, which would ultimately transform humanity with the new information age.
In conclusion Diggins’ book, though written when very little of Reagan’s presidential papers have been accessed by historians, has captured the essence of the ideas and life experiences that motivated Reagan to act the way he did. Since Diggins’ book focused more on the psychological, religious, and philosophical makeup of Ronald Reagan and not on the details of his administration, it will be valuable for years to come by students studying Reagan and the Cold War era. It is doubtful that Diggins’ book will need much revision as more presidential papers are released.
As a graduate student I recommend this book for anyone interested in Reagan, American History, Cold War History.
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